On 23 June 2023 the EU Council adopted the 11th package of economic sanctions against Russia to prevent their circumvention and further erode Russia’s revenues, includes a port ban to tackle illegal transfers.
The circumvention of sanctions imposed on Russia, one of the world’s top oil producers, has resulted in the environmental and safety hazard that is the “shadow fleet” of ageing tankers that continue oil transfers in secret.
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When holds are not ready for their intended cargo, a number of different issues may arise.